Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 2. General Practices
08:53

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 2. General Practices

Published on: October 3, 2016

Medical waste autoclaves: not just a lot of hot air

G R Urbanowicz

    Professional Development Series (Chicago, Ill.)
    |November 26, 1999
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology11:13

    Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

    Published on: October 3, 2016

    Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics14:56

    Remote Laboratory Management: Respiratory Virus Diagnostics

    Published on: April 6, 2019

    Related Concept Videos

    Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

    Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

    Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
    Cleaning
    The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
    Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

    Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

    As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
    Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
    Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

    Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

    In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
    Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
    Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

    Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

    Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...
    Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

    Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

    Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
    Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

    Bioreactor Controls-II

    In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...