Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adolescents. Common pediatric concerns

ADHD persists into adolescence for 78% of the children diagnosed with this condition. It interferes with school performance, self-esteem, family relationships, and driving and predisposes teenagers to high-risk behaviors. Some teens are diagnosed with ADHD for the first time during the second decade of life. The pediatrician must be sensitive to the developmental changes of adolescence and involve the teenager in treatment decision making in order to maximize compliance with treatment regimens. Long-acting medications are generally preferable with ADHD adolescents. Anticipatory guidance should involve education about ADHD and advice on parenting principles and coping with academic problems. Although the pediatrician may provide counseling for mild school and family problems, in most cases, referrals to mental health professionals or educational specialists are necessary.