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Modeling Neural Immune Signaling of Episodic and Chronic Migraine Using Spreading Depression In Vitro
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T-cell subsets and expression of integrins in peripheral blood of patients with migraine

M Empl1, P Sostak, M Breckner

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Munich, Germany. moem@brain.nefo.med.uni-muenchen.de

Cephalalgia : an International Journal of Headache
|November 26, 1999
PubMed

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Activation of Integrins

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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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