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Related Experiment Videos

Hypertonic saline.

P D Constable1

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA. p-constable@cvm.uiuc.edu

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|November 26, 1999
PubMed
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Hypertonic saline (HS) and hypertonic saline dextran (HSD) are effective for ruminant resuscitation, offering advantages over large-volume fluids. Proper osmolality (2400 mOsm/L) and administration rates are crucial to avoid adverse effects and ensure successful treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Ruminant Physiology
  • Fluid Therapy

Background:

  • Dehydration and endotoxemia in ruminants require effective fluid resuscitation.
  • Traditional large-volume isotonic saline administration has limitations in field settings.
  • Hypertonic saline (HS) and hypertonic saline dextran (HSD) offer potential advantages due to smaller volumes and ease of administration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and optimal use of hypertonic saline (HS) and hypertonic saline dextran (HSD) for ruminant resuscitation.
  • To determine the correct osmolality and administration parameters for HS and HSD.
  • To compare the effects of HS and HSD with traditional fluid therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of HS (2400 mOsm/L) at 4-5 mL/kg IV over 4-5 minutes to adult ruminants.

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  • Administration of HSD (2400 mOsm/L NaCl in 6% dextran-70) at 4-5 mL/kg IV over 4-5 minutes to dehydrated calves.
  • Concurrent administration of oral fluids (water or electrolyte solutions) with IV treatments.
  • Monitoring of physiological parameters to assess resuscitation effects and potential adverse events.

    • Main Results:

    • HS and HSD (2400 mOsm/L) rapidly increase preload and transiently decrease afterload, aiding resuscitation.
    • HS and HSD decrease cardiac contractility and do not activate a pulmonary reflex.
    • Correct osmolality (2400 mOsm/L) is critical; deviations can negate benefits or cause fatal hypotension.
    • Rapid IV administration (> 1 mL/kg/min) of HS should be avoided.

    Conclusions:

    • HS and HSD are valuable tools for ruminant resuscitation, particularly in field conditions.
    • Strict adherence to 2400 mOsm/L osmolality and appropriate administration rates is essential for safety and efficacy.
    • HSD is particularly recommended for severely depressed or comatose calves due to its rapid resuscitation effects and reversal of hyperkalemia.