Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and ventricular fibrillation: the possible involvement of eicosanoids

Increased dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce the incidence and severity of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in laboratory animals subjected to partial ischaemia and reduce the risk of cardiac arrest in humans after myocardial infarction. In whole animals there is considerable evidence which suggests that incorporation of these fatty acids into cardiac membrane phospholipids influences the production of a variety of eicosanoids having opposing arrhythmogenic or anti-arrhythmogenic properties, and that the balance of these actions is shifted in favour of an anti-arrhythmogenic state by feeding fish oil dietary supplements rich in omega-3 PUFA. However, differences in eicosanoid biosynthesis between species, between tissues of the same species and even between different intracellular sites within cells of the same tissue could influence experimental outcomes. The importance of further studies with the most appropriate whole animal models or tissues is emphasized, as is the difference between the structural integrity of cardiac muscle and cardiomyocytes in vitro.