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Related Experiment Videos

Cortical auditory dysfunction in children with oral clefts: relation with cleft type.

R Ceponiene1, J Hukki, M Cheour

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. ceponien@helsinki.fi

Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
|November 27, 1999
PubMed
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Children with oral clefts show impaired auditory short-term memory (STM), linked to language difficulties. This auditory processing deficit varies by cleft type, suggesting a neurological basis for cognitive differences in these children.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Speech and Hearing Sciences

Background:

  • Oral clefts affect a significant percentage of children, often leading to language-learning disabilities.
  • The precise relationship between cleft type and the underlying cognitive or neurological mechanisms remains unclear.
  • Auditory short-term memory (STM) is crucial for language perception and processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate auditory short-term memory (STM) persistence in children with non-syndromic oral clefts.
  • To determine if STM function differs based on fine-graded cleft classification.
  • To explore the link between cleft type and potential cognitive malfunctioning.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded cortical evoked potentials, specifically mismatch negativity (MMN), in 78 children with oral clefts and 32 healthy controls.

Related Experiment Videos

  • MMN was used to assess preattentive auditory change detection and the durability of STM traces.
  • Stimulation rates were varied to test the temporal aspects of auditory memory.

    • Main Results:

    • Reduced MMN amplitudes were observed in children with clefts compared to controls, indicating impaired auditory STM.
    • Children with isolated cleft lip did not show significant differences from controls.
    • A more posterior cleft location correlated with smaller MMN amplitudes, with the most significant reduction in complete unilateral cleft of lip and palate cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Deficiencies in auditory STM trace maintenance, evidenced by reduced MMN amplitudes, are present in children with oral clefts.
    • This auditory processing dysfunction likely contributes to the observed language and learning disabilities.
    • The association between cleft type and cognitive deficits may be explained by differences in auditory cortex function.