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Body size and composition in Polynesians.

B A Swinburn1, S J Ley, H E Carmichael

  • 1Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand. b.swinburn@auckland.ac.nz

International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
|December 1, 1999
PubMed
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Polynesians have a leaner body composition than Europeans at higher body mass index levels. Specific regression equations using bioelectrical impedance analysis and skinfold measurements accurately predict body composition in Polynesians.

Area of Science:

  • Anthropometry
  • Human Physiology
  • Body Composition Analysis

Background:

  • Understanding body composition differences between ethnic groups is crucial for accurate health assessments.
  • Existing body mass index (BMI) definitions may not be universally applicable across diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare body size and composition relationships in New Zealand Polynesians and Europeans.
  • To develop and validate specific regression equations for estimating fat mass in Polynesian populations.

Main Methods:

  • Study included 189 Maori, 185 Samoans, and 241 Europeans (aged 20-70 years).
  • Measurements included height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

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Main Results:

  • Polynesians exhibited a higher lean mass to fat mass ratio than Europeans at elevated BMI levels.
  • Four regression equations were developed using BIA, height, weight, and skinfold data to predict fat mass in Polynesians.
  • These equations demonstrated high predictive accuracy (r² range 0.89-0.93) with minimal prediction error.

Conclusions:

  • Polynesians are leaner than Europeans at higher BMIs, suggesting a need for distinct overweight and obesity classifications.
  • Developed regression equations provide reliable methods for assessing Polynesian body composition.