Ceramide inhibits L-type calcium channel currents in rat pinealocytes

In rat pinealocytes, ceramide can inhibit the KCl- and BayK 8644-mediated potentiation of cAMP and cGMP accumulation, suggesting that the L-type Ca2+ channel is a target of ceramide action. This was examined in the present study using intracellular Ca2+ measurement and patch-clamp studies. In fura-2-loaded pinealocytes, C2- and C6-ceramide inhibited the Ca2+ increase caused by BayK 8644 and KCl, but not that caused by norepinephrine, suggesting an inhibitory effect of ceramide on the L-type Ca2+ channels. Patch-clamp analysis confirmed that C2- and C6-ceramide, but not C2-dihydroceramide (the inactive analog) inhibited the L-type Ca2+ channel current. Furthermore, treatments known to increase cellular ceramide levels, including a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor and sphingomyelinase, also inhibited this current. The inhibitory effect of ceramide on the current was attenuated by lavendustin A, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, but not by H7, a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor. The effect of ceramide was mimicked by interleukin-1beta, a cytokine highly expressed in the pineal that is known to activate the sphingomyelin pathway. These results indicate that the sphingomyelin pathway is another important signaling mechanism that regulates the L-type Ca2+ channel, and tyrosine kinase appears to be involved in the effect of ceramide.