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Related Experiment Videos

Sensory dysfunction and the irritable bowel syndrome.

L A Houghton1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University Hospital of South Manchester, UK.

Bailliere'S Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology
|December 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Gut sensory system dysfunction is key in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. This may explain symptoms like abdominal pain, with hypersensitivity being common, while hyposensitivity is linked to constipation.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Visceral Pain Research

Background:

  • Sensory nervous system dysfunction is increasingly recognized in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology.
  • Altered gut sensitivity may explain symptoms such as abdominal pain, potentially due to heightened perception of intraluminal events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gut sensory system dysfunction in IBS.
  • To investigate the clinical significance of visceral hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity in IBS patients.

Main Methods:

  • Laboratory assessment of gut sensory function, typically involving patient responses to rectal distension.
  • Analysis of patient responses to measure sensitivity to gut distension.

Main Results:

  • Visceral hypersensitivity is the most frequent finding in IBS patients.
  • Hyposensitivity is primarily observed in patients with constipation, particularly those experiencing an 'absent urge' sensation.
  • Hypersensitivity is not specific to any bowel habit pattern, whereas hyposensitivity is linked to constipation.

Conclusions:

  • Gut sensory dysfunction, including hypersensitivity and hyposensitivity, plays a significant role in IBS.
  • The underlying mechanisms of sensory dysfunction may involve the enteric, spinal, and/or central nervous systems.
  • Factors like gender, stress, emotion, and infection can modulate gut sensitivity and influence IBS.

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