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Modelling cognitive processes of experienced air traffic controllers.
C Niessen1, K Eyferth, T Bierwagen
1Centre for Man-Machine Systems Studies, Technical University of Berlin TIB, Germany. niessen@zmms.tu-berlin.de
Ergonomics
|December 3, 1999
Summary
This study models air traffic controller cognition, focusing on mental representations for situational awareness and event coordination in dynamic environments. Experienced controllers reduce information intake, with less experienced ones prioritizing short-term anticipation data.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Human Factors Engineering
- Aerospace Psychology
Background:
- Modeling cognitive processes in dynamic environments is complex.
- Air traffic control (ATC) demands high situational awareness and coordination.
- Mental representation is crucial for managing complex, dynamic tasks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a model of cognitive activities for air traffic controllers.
- To investigate the role of mental representation in ATC.
- To empirically validate the model through experiments.
Main Methods:
- Developed a cognitive model based on experimental research with ATC.
- Conducted information intake experiments with masked data.
- Used a card-sorting task and multidimensional scaling for situation assessment analysis.
Main Results:
- Controller's situational picture involves significant information reduction, irrespective of experience.
- Less experienced controllers rely more on planning data for short-term anticipation.
- Situation assessment incorporates anticipation and evaluation of information processing needs.
Conclusions:
- The mental model approach effectively captures the dynamic nature of ATC.
- Mental representation is key for situational awareness, anticipation, and coordination.
- Empirical findings influenced the refinement of the cognitive model for ATC.