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Glutamine and the immune system.

P C Calder1, P Yaqoob

  • 1Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, United Kingdom. pcc@soton.ac.uk

Amino Acids
|December 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Glutamine is crucial for immune cell function and is depleted during illness and stress. Supplementing glutamine helps maintain immune function and may reduce infection risk in vulnerable patients.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Glutamine is essential for immune cell proliferation, cytokine production, and macrophage phagocytosis.
  • Immune function is impaired when glutamine levels decrease due to physiological stress like sepsis, injury, or overtraining.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of glutamine in immune function and its potential therapeutic benefits.
  • To explore the impact of glutamine supplementation on immune recovery and patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro studies assessing lymphocyte and macrophage functions with glutamine and dipeptides.
  • Analysis of plasma glutamine levels in various clinical conditions.
  • Review of clinical data on glutamine supplementation in patients undergoing surgery, radiation, or bone marrow transplantation.

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Main Results:

  • Glutamine supports optimal immune cell function in vitro.
  • Physiological stress significantly lowers plasma glutamine levels, potentially contributing to immunosuppression.
  • Dietary glutamine enhances survival in animal models.
  • Parenteral glutamine administration in patients improved outcomes, reducing infections and hospital stays, particularly after bone marrow transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Maintaining glutamine levels is vital for supporting immune function during critical illness and recovery.
  • Glutamine supplementation offers a therapeutic strategy to mitigate immunosuppression and improve patient outcomes in high-risk populations.