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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications

Asthma, a common chronic respiratory condition, is classified considering the frequency and severity of symptoms alongside lung function impairment. Understanding this classification is essential for appropriate treatment and management. Here's a detailed look at the classification of asthma and its clinical features and complications:
Classification of Asthma

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma

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Risk factors for death from asthma. Prairie Provinces Asthma Study Group.

P A Hessel¹, I Mitchell, S Tough

¹Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. pat.hessel@ualberta.ca

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology

|December 3, 1999

Summary

Fatal asthma cases often experienced severe symptoms, frequent exacerbations, and excessive beta-agonist use, indicating poor asthma management. Patients at risk need closer monitoring and proactive intervention for better asthma control.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonary Medicine
Epidemiology
Public Health

Background:

Global and Canadian asthma mortality rates are rising, with higher incidence in prairie provinces.
This study investigates risk factors contributing to fatal asthma exacerbations.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify risk factors for fatal asthma.
To compare characteristics of fatal asthma cases with emergency department patients.

Main Methods:

A case-control study was conducted in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (1992-1995).
35 fatal asthma cases (ages 5-50) were matched with 209 controls.
Matching criteria included age, gender, time of event, and residence.

Main Results:

Fatal asthma cases reported more severe asthma, unscheduled physician visits, and prior hospitalizations.
Excessive beta-agonist bronchodilator use was higher in cases; inhaled steroid use did not differ.
Cases were more likely to be depressed and had a shorter time from symptom onset to death.

Conclusions:

Both groups exhibited poor asthma management, tolerating high symptom levels.
Intervention opportunities exist, especially given the short time from symptom recognition to death in fatal cases.
Patients with increased asthma risk require close monitoring and predefined action plans.