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DNA technology in the clinical laboratory.

F L Kiechle1

  • 1Department of Clinical Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073-6769, USA.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine
|December 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Advances in molecular biology techniques offer new clinical applications. These methods aid in diagnosing genetic disorders and analyzing cell clonality for improved patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Clinical pathology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Molecular biological techniques are rapidly advancing.
  • Clinical applications of these techniques are expanding.
  • The Eighth Annual William Beaumont Hospital Symposium highlighted these advances.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advances in clinically useful molecular biological techniques.
  • To identify their applications in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of 10 submitted manuscripts from a symposium.
  • Comparison of findings with existing literature.
  • Categorization of manuscripts by topic: nucleic acid stability, analytic approaches, B-/T-cell clonality, and genetic polymorphisms.

Main Results:

  • DNA from dried blood spots is stable for analysis.
  • Methods exist to stabilize RNA and reduce degradation.
  • Genomic amplification techniques improve detection sensitivity.
  • Multiplex polymerase chain reaction enables detection of hemochromatosis mutations.
  • Southern blotting and PCR detect B-/T-cell clonality in lymphomas.
  • Genetic polymorphisms in coagulation factors and platelet glycoproteins are linked to ischemic heart disease.

Conclusions:

  • The Human Genome Project will drive the development of more molecular assays.
  • Clinical outcome analysis is needed to justify the cost-effectiveness of molecular assays in routine labs.

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