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Related Experiment Videos

Ring avulsion injuries: a biomechanical study.

D M Kupfer1, C Eaton, S Swanson

  • 1Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, USA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|December 10, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Ring avulsion injuries occur with surprisingly low forces, often due to skin rupture. High-speed analysis reveals ring tilting concentrates force, leading to amputation even with minimal resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Ring avulsion injuries are severe traumatic events.
  • Understanding the forces involved is crucial for prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanics of ring avulsion injuries using a cadaveric model.
  • To determine the forces required for different classes of ring avulsion injuries.

Main Methods:

  • A cadaveric simulation model was used with custom-fitted metal rings.
  • Standardized force was applied to the proximal ulna of 44 fingers.
  • High-speed cinematography and continuous force measurements were employed.

Main Results:

  • Class I injuries averaged 80 N; Class III amputations averaged 154 N.

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  • Forces for Class II and III injuries were similar and lower than anticipated.
  • High-speed cinematography showed ring tilting concentrated forces, causing amputation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Digit amputation can occur with minimal force due to ring angulation and skin rupture.
    • Skin rupture, not skeletal or tendon damage, appears to be the primary factor in maximum force generation.