In vitro human decidual endothelial cell thromboxane secretion in preeclampsia is not abnormal

The aims of this study were to describe levels of thromboxane secretion by decidual endothelial cells from normal pregnancies and to determine whether decidual endothelial cell secretion of thromboxane, implicated in the causation of the hypertension and vasoconstriction of preeclampsia, is increased in this disorder.

We measured thromboxane generation by cultured decidual endothelial cells from 13 normal pregnancies (NDEC) and 13 pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PEDEC), compared with a control population of 6 normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Responses to stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) were examined.

Thromboxane B2 levels in supernatants of cultured endothelial cells.

The level of secretion over 24 h in culture by NDEC [14 (7-26) pg/10(6) cells] was approximately 25% that of HUVEC [63 (49-70) pg/10(6) cells]. Levels achieved in response to all stimuli examined were consistently lower in NDEC than in HUVEC (p < 0.01). Proportional stimulation by LPS and TNF-alpha was comparable in HUVEC and NDEC, whereas NDEC displayed a greater increase (25-fold) than HUVEC (10-fold) in response to IL-1 beta (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences between decidual endothelial cells from normotensive and preeclamptic women in basal secretion of thromboxane or in responses to the stimuli examined.

In vitro thromboxane secretion by decidual endothelial cells is lower than that of HUVEC, and responsiveness to specific stimuli may be quantitatively different. These findings emphasize the importance of examining endothelial cells from the involved maternal vascular bed if intrauterine vascular pathophysiological events are to be clarified. No significant differences were noted in decidual endothelial cell thromboxane secretion between normal and preeclamptic subjects.