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Hepatitis A in Latin America: a changing epidemiologic pattern.
R Tapia-Conyer1, J I Santos, A M Cavalcanti
1Prevención y Control de Enfermedades, Secretaria de Salud, Colonia Juárez, Mexico City, Mexico.
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|December 10, 1999
Summary
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence is shifting from children to adults in Latin America, with lower rates in higher socioeconomic groups. Vaccination programs targeting all age groups are recommended.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Hepatitis A virus (HAV) remains a significant public health concern globally.
- Understanding regional seroprevalence is crucial for effective disease control strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the current seroprevalence of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) across six Latin American countries.
- To identify demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing HAV infection rates.
Main Methods:
- A multicenter study involving 12,000 participants stratified by age.
- Seroprevalence data collected across the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela, and Argentina.
Main Results:
- Highest HAV seroprevalence observed in the Dominican Republic (89.0%) and Mexico (81.0%).
- Seroprevalence rates in children aged 1-5 years were below 50%, except in the Dominican Republic.
- A shift in HAV epidemiology from high to intermediate endemicity is indicated, with increased susceptibility in adolescents and adults.
- Lower HAV seroprevalence was noted in individuals from medium and high socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico.
Conclusions:
- The changing epidemiology of HAV necessitates updated public health interventions.
- Targeted vaccination programs for children, adolescents, and adults, especially those in higher socioeconomic strata, are recommended to mitigate HAV transmission.