Common colds. Reported patterns of self-care and health care use

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Health Services Research
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Self-care and healthcare utilization are key components of managing common illnesses like colds and influenza.
• Understanding patient practices and attitudes towards self-treatment versus professional medical care is crucial for health system planning.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence and patterns of self-care and healthcare-seeking behaviors for individuals experiencing cold and flu symptoms.
• To explore the relationship between symptom severity and the choice of self-care versus professional medical intervention.

Main Methods:

• A random-digit-dialing survey was employed to interview 210 residents in London and Windsor, Ontario.
• A questionnaire, developed using an expert panel method, gathered data on self-care practices, attitudes, pharmaceutical use, and healthcare utilization for cold and flu symptoms.
• Data collected included demographic information, typical and actual self-care practices, opinions on appropriate treatments, and knowledge of cold management.

Main Results:

• Self-care emerged as the primary treatment choice for colds and flu, with a high prevalence of over-the-counter (OTC) drug use.
• Prescription drug utilization was notably low, and only 1% of respondents reported consulting a physician for their most recent cold.
• A positive correlation was observed between the number of reported symptoms and increased use of OTC medications, as well as a higher likelihood of contacting or visiting a doctor.

Conclusions:

• The findings align with existing research, indicating that the majority of individuals exhibit healthcare practices characterized by minimal reliance on the formal healthcare system.
• High levels of self-care for managing cold and flu symptoms are prevalent among the surveyed population.
• These patterns suggest a significant role for self-management in the context of common respiratory illnesses.