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Mutants of T7 bacteriophage inhibited by lambda prophage.

C C Pao, J F Speyer

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |September 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mutants of T7 gene 20, essential for DNA packaging, cannot grow on specific bacterial hosts. Host mutations can restore growth, indicating gene 20

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    Area of Science:

    • Bacteriophage genetics
    • Molecular biology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • T7 phage is a model organism for studying viral replication.
    • Lambda lysogens are bacterial cells infected with lambda phage, providing a specific host environment.
    • Gene 20 of T7 phage has been identified as crucial for phage development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the function of the T7 phage gene 20.
    • To investigate the interaction between T7 gene 20 and lambda lysogens.
    • To understand the role of gene 20 in T7 DNA packaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Isolation and characterization of T7 gene 20 mutants (including amber mutants).
    • Complementation studies with T7 ligase mutants.
    • Analysis of T7 DNA synthesis and packaging in infected lambda lysogens.
    • Identification of host mutations affecting T7 growth.

    Main Results:

    • T7 gene 20 mutants exhibit a conditional lethal phenotype, unable to propagate on rex+ lambda lysogens.
    • Gene 20 mutants suppress T7 ligase mutations, but not vice versa, suggesting a sequential role in infection.
    • Host mutations can restore the growth of T7 gene 20 mutants on lambda lysogens.
    • T7 DNA synthesis is normal in mutants, but DNA packaging into phage heads is blocked.
    • The gene 20 protein is active in in vitro complementation and functions late in infection for DNA packaging.

    Conclusions:

    • T7 gene 20 encodes a protein essential for the late stage of phage assembly, specifically DNA packaging.
    • The interaction with lambda lysogens highlights specific host-phage dependencies.
    • Gene 20 function is distinct from T7 ligase, with gene 20 acting downstream.
    • Further research into host-bacteriophage interactions can reveal new genetic pathways.

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