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Rearing style and depressive disorder in adulthood: a controlled study in a Spanish clinical sample
L Rojo-Moreno1, L Livianos-Aldana, G Cervera-Martínez
1Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
|December 11, 1999
Summary
Depressive patients often experienced suboptimal upbringing, characterized by a lack of emotional warmth and high rejection from parents. These rearing styles were significantly more common in individuals with depression compared to controls.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Developmental Psychology
- Clinical Psychology
Background:
- Parenting styles significantly influence mental health outcomes.
- Childhood experiences, particularly parental attitudes, are implicated in the development of depressive disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate rearing styles in patients with depressive disorders.
- To compare perceived upbringing between depressive patients and a healthy control group.
- To examine if depression severity correlates with specific rearing conditions.
Main Methods:
- An observational case-control study design.
- Inclusion of 50 patients with a first depressive episode (DSM-III-R) and 50 matched controls.
- Utilized the EMBU (Eggplant, Mushroom, Blueberry, Ube) questionnaire for assessing perceived parental rearing.
Main Results:
- Only 35% of depressive patients reported an optimal upbringing versus 64% of controls.
- Deficits in Emotional Warmth and high Rejection were significantly more prevalent in depressives.
- Depression type and intimacy did not affect EMBU scores; lower social class depressives reported higher Overprotection and Rejection.
Conclusions:
- Parental rearing characterized by low emotional warmth and high rejection is associated with depressive disorders.
- Perceived suboptimal upbringing is a significant factor in the etiology of depression.
- Further research into the impact of socioeconomic factors on rearing and depression is warranted.