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Manatee Mortality in Puerto Rico.

Mignucci-Giannoni1, Montoya-Ospina, Jiménez-Marrero

  • 1Red Caribeña de Varamientos (Caribbean Stranding Network) and Departamento de Ciencias y Tecnología, Universidad Metropolitana, SUAGM, PO Box 361715, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-1715

Environmental Management
|December 14, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Human activities cause significant West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) mortality in Puerto Rico. Watercraft collisions were the leading cause of death between 1990-1995, necessitating conservation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Mammal Science
  • Conservation Biology
  • Wildlife Management

Background:

  • The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) faces significant mortality challenges in Puerto Rico.
  • Human activities represent the primary threat to this endangered species' effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess manatee mortality patterns in Puerto Rico from 1990 to 1995.
  • To identify causes, spatial distribution, and temporal trends of manatee strandings.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 90 manatee stranding cases using historical data and carcass salvage efforts.
  • Examination of mortality patterns including event type, carcass condition, spatial/temporal distribution, and cause of death.

Main Results:

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  • Strandings were concentrated along the north, northeast, and south coasts, with six identified high-incidence clusters.
  • Reported cases increased by 9.6% annually; seasonality showed bimodal peaks in Feb-Apr and Aug-Sep.
  • Human interactions, particularly watercraft collisions, were the predominant causes of death, alongside natural causes in dependent calves.

Conclusions:

  • Watercraft collisions were the leading cause of manatee mortality during the study period.
  • Reducing anthropogenic mortality requires a comprehensive conservation plan including education, law enforcement, research, and interagency cooperation.