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Related Experiment Video

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In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

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Published on: August 24, 2013

Cognitive modularity and genetic disorders.

S J Paterson¹, J H Brown, M K Gsödl

¹Neurocognitive Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London WC1N 1EH, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 22, 1999

Summary

Neuropsychological models may not explain genetic developmental disorders. Infants with Williams syndrome show distinct cognitive development, improving in language but declining in numerosity over time.

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Area of Science:

Developmental psychology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

Adult neuropsychological models are often applied to understand genetic developmental disorders.
Existing models assume cognitive profiles in childhood or adulthood reflect initial infant states, with modules being either intact or impaired from birth.

Purpose of the Study:

To challenge the application of adult neuropsychological models to genetic developmental disorders.
To investigate the developmental trajectories of cognitive abilities in infants with Williams syndrome.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted with infants diagnosed with Williams syndrome.
Cognitive assessments focused on numerosity judgments and language abilities at different developmental stages.

Main Results:

A within-syndrome double dissociation was observed in Williams syndrome.
Infants performed well on numerosity tasks in infancy but declined in adulthood.
Conversely, language abilities were poor in infancy but improved in adulthood.

Conclusions:

Developmental trajectories in genetic disorders can be complex and do not necessarily align with adult models.
Findings suggest a dynamic interplay of cognitive development, challenging assumptions of static innate modularity.
Results may necessitate a re-evaluation of theoretical and clinical approaches to studying genetic disorders.