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Human membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46): multiple isoforms and functions.

T Seya1, A Hirano, M Matsumoto

  • 1Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Japan. tseya@takaipro.jst.go.jp

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|December 22, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Human membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) protects cells from complement attack and serves as a receptor for measles virus. Its functions may aid xenotransplantation and measles research in animal models.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Human membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) is a heterogeneous protein expressed on nucleated cells.
  • MCP comprises SCRs, ST domains, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic tail, with over 8 isoforms generated by alternative splicing.
  • It functions as a cofactor for Factor I in complement inactivation and acts as a receptor for pathogens and oocyte ligands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the structure and function of human MCP (CD46).
  • To explore the role of MCP in host defense and pathogen interactions.
  • To highlight the potential applications of MCP in xenotransplantation and animal models for measles research.

Main Methods:

  • Structural analysis of MCP domains (SCRs, ST, TM, CYT).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Functional assays investigating MCP's role in complement regulation.
  • Investigation of MCP as a receptor for measles virus and other agents.

    • Main Results:

    • MCP's primary role is protecting host cells from complement-mediated damage by inactivating C3b/C4b.
    • MCP mediates interactions with measles virus, bacteria, and oocyte ligands.
    • Measles virus infection via MCP may lead to immune suppression, potentially through signaling in immune cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Human MCP (CD46) is a multifunctional protein critical for immune regulation and host-pathogen interactions.
    • Its properties suggest significant potential for advancing xenotransplantation strategies.
    • MCP's role in measles virus infection provides a basis for developing novel animal models for disease research.