Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 9, 2026
05:32
Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
Published on: December 7, 2018
Contrasts in memory functions between adolescents with schizophrenia or ADHD
1National Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway.
Neuropsychologia
|December 22, 1999
Summary
Adolescents with schizophrenia show general memory deficits, performing worse than those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on visual memory tasks. ADHD patients exhibited more working memory impairments related to distractibility.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Previous schizophrenia research used limited memory measures, neglecting early-onset cases.
- Attention difficulties in schizophrenia research are often uncontrolled, lacking relevant neuropsychiatric comparison groups.
- No prior studies directly compared memory functions in adolescents with schizophrenia and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively assess and compare memory functioning in adolescents with schizophrenia, ADHD, and typical development.
- To investigate specific memory deficits in early-onset schizophrenia using a detailed neuropsychological test battery.
- To differentiate memory profiles between schizophrenia and ADHD in adolescence.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive memory test battery was administered to three groups: adolescents with schizophrenia (n=19), adolescents with ADHD (n=20), and typically developing adolescents (n=30).
- Evaluated working memory and long-term episodic memory, including verbal and visual memory, free recall, and recognition.
- Directly compared the performance of the schizophrenia and ADHD groups on various memory measures.
Main Results:
- Adolescents with schizophrenia exhibited significant impairments across most memory measures compared to controls.
- Schizophrenia patients performed worse than ADHD patients on visual memory tests.
- ADHD patients showed greater impairment on working memory tests, particularly those involving distractibility.
Conclusions:
- Adolescents with schizophrenia demonstrate a broad memory deficit affecting both verbal and visual information.
- Impairments in visual memory appear specific to schizophrenia and are not characteristic of ADHD in this age group.
- Distinct memory profiles emerge, with schizophrenia impacting broader episodic memory and ADHD affecting working memory related to attention.
More Related Videos
05:48The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
Published on: June 12, 2020
10:02Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Published on: March 12, 2020
Related Concept Videos
01:26Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
01:23Storage
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze each...
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
01:24Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
01:30Impact of Schemas
Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...