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Evolution of organellar genomes.

M W Gray1

  • 1Program in Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Dalhousie University, Halifax, B3H 4H7, Canada. M.W.Gray@Dal.Ca

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|December 23, 1999
PubMed
Summary

New molecular data reinforce the single origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Emerging models link organelle acquisition to the eukaryotic cell

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Molecular data, especially complete organellar genome sequences, are crucial for understanding organelle DNA evolution.
  • The classic endosymbiotic theory is being refined with new models.
  • Understanding ancestral organellar genomes is key to evolutionary insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current advancements in understanding mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA evolution.
  • To highlight new models of organelle origin.
  • To discuss novel findings in organellar genome structure and organization.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of accumulating molecular data.
  • Comparative genomics of organellar genomes.
  • Review of recent discoveries in organellar genome organization.

Main Results:

  • Reinforcement of the single primary origin for mitochondria and chloroplasts.
  • Proposal of new models linking organelle acquisition to eukaryotic cell origin.
  • Discovery of unusual organellar genome structures, such as the 'single-gene circle' in dinoflagellates.

Conclusions:

  • Organellar genome evolution is complex and continues to reveal novel patterns.
  • New models challenge and refine our understanding of early eukaryotic evolution.
  • Dinoflagellate chloroplast genomes represent a highly derived evolutionary state.

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