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Laterality changes accompanying symptom remission in schizophrenia following treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid
A J Richardson1, T Easton, J H Gruzelier
1Division of Neurosciences and Psychological Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Charing Cross Campus, London, UK. alex.richardson@physiol.ox.ac.uk
Introduction:
A patient with severe intractable symptoms of schizophrenia was treated for 6 months with a fatty acid supplement, primarily as a test of the hypothesis that membrane phospholipid metabolism is abnormal in schizophrenia. His symptomatology was predominantly positive, consistent with an 'Active' syndrome thought to reflect a relative imbalance of left over right hemispheric activation. Longitudinal studies have previously shown changes in functional lateralisation with symptom remission in schizophrenia, hence this was examined at intervals over the 6-month period.
Method:
The subject was a 30-year-old male with DSM-IV schizophrenia. For 2 years prior to this study his clinical profile had not changed and he had remained free of neuroleptic medication. Treatment with 30 ml/day of emulsion rich in eicosapentaenoic acid was started, and clinical ratings were made at monthly intervals for 6 months. Motor laterality had been assessed using Annett's handedness scale and pegboard task 1 year pre-baseline, and this was repeated at 0, 3 and 6 months from the start of treatment.
Results:
As measured by the Schedules for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and Negative Symptoms, a marked reduction in his symptoms was first apparent at 2-month follow-up; further improvement followed, so that at the 6-month point few symptoms remained. Corresponding to his clinical improvement, the patient's performance on the pegboard task at 3-month follow-up had shifted from a strong right-hand advantage to near symmetry, owing to a marked improvement in his left-hand scores. On retest at 6 months this change in asymmetry was also maintained.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that treatment with certain fatty acids may have significant benefits in the management of schizophrenia. They are also consistent with existing evidence that an Active syndrome of schizophrenia reflects a left over right hemispheric imbalance which is functional in nature, and can therefore change with symptom remission.