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Microcrystalline cellulose and its microstructure in pharmaceutical processing.

S Westermarck1, A M Juppo, L Kervinen

  • 1Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland. swes@iobox.fi

European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics : Official Journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft Fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik E.V
|December 28, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Characterizing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder, granules, and tablets using mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption reveals how compression affects pore structure. These methods together offer comprehensive insights into material behavior during granulation and tableting.

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Spectroscopic insight for tablet compression.

European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V·2014

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Technology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a widely used excipient in pharmaceutical formulations.
  • Understanding its pore structure and surface area is crucial for optimizing tableting processes.
  • Granulation and compression significantly alter the physical properties of MCC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the pore structure and surface area of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in powder, granule, and tablet forms.
  • To investigate the impact of compression pressure on MCC's pore structure and surface area.
  • To evaluate the combined utility of mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption for characterizing MCC behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Mercury porosimetry was employed to analyze pore structure and surface area.

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  • Nitrogen adsorption was utilized for pore structure and surface area characterization, particularly for microstructural changes.
  • Compression studies were conducted on MCC powder and granules at varying pressures (up to 196 MPa).

    • Main Results:

    • Densification during wet granulation reduced the compactibility of MCC.
    • Nitrogen adsorption detected microstructural changes in MCC due to granulation and plastic deformation during compression (3-200 nm diameter range).
    • Tablet structures were compromised at 196 MPa compression, showing granule fragmentation and deformation via both methods.

    Conclusions:

    • Mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption provide complementary, though not strictly comparable, data on MCC.
    • Mercury porosimetry offers insights into inter-particle behavior during granulation/compression.
    • Nitrogen adsorption reveals intra-particle structural modifications, with combined use enhancing material characterization for tableting.