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Axillary nerve injury.

G S Perlmutter1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.

Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
|December 29, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Axillary nerve injuries are common shoulder problems, often caused by dislocations or fractures. Treatment involves rest, rehabilitation, and sometimes surgery, with good functional recovery expected.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Axillary nerve injury is the most frequent peripheral nerve damage affecting the shoulder.
  • Common causes include glenohumeral joint dislocation, proximal humerus fractures, direct trauma to the deltoid, and quadrilateral space syndrome.
  • The axillary nerve is susceptible to iatrogenic injury during shoulder surgeries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the common causes, pathophysiology, and management of axillary nerve injuries.
  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with axillary nerve damage.
  • To discuss the prognosis and expected functional outcomes following axillary nerve injury.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of axillary nerve injuries.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of common etiologies such as trauma and surgical complications.
  • Discussion of conservative and surgical treatment modalities.
  • Evaluation of factors influencing nerve recovery and functional prognosis.

    • Main Results:

    • Axillary nerve injuries frequently result from shoulder dislocations, fractures, and direct blows.
    • Quadrilateral space syndrome represents a less understood cause of compression neuropathy.
    • Delayed surgical intervention (3-6 months post-injury) may be necessary for nerve rupture.
    • Functional recovery of the shoulder is typically good to excellent, contingent on associated injuries.

    Conclusions:

    • Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management, including rest and rehabilitation, are crucial for axillary nerve injury.
    • Surgical exploration should be considered for persistent injuries or suspected nerve rupture.
    • Despite variable nerve recovery, shoulder function prognosis is generally favorable.