Protein versus energy in Papua New Guinea

Protein deficiency has in the past generally been considered the main nutritional problem in the world. This has unduly detracted attention from the need for an adequate energy intake. Using surveys from different areas in Papua New Guinea, it is shown that deteiled investigations are needed to determine actual nutritional needs. In the Sepik a severe energy deficiency was found to be the principal problem. In some Highland areas, on the other hand, a distinct protein deficiency was observed, compounded by a low energy intake in the under 5-years age group. These distinct dietary patterns require a vastly different approach to nutrition intervention. It is shown that nutritional needs in the Sepik could in principle be met by increasing the availability of staple foods. An emphasis on protein would be a misdirected effort for most areas there. In the Highlands emphasis should be placed on legumes particularly those with a high energy value. This could close the protein gap and help to meet the caloric needs of young children.