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Related Experiment Videos

Response AC/A ratios are elevated in myopic children.

J Gwiazda1, K Grice, F Thorn

  • 1Myopia Research Center, New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)
|January 1, 2000
PubMed
Summary

In children, elevated accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratios are linked to myopia development. Myopic children exhibit reduced accommodation and increased accommodative convergence, potentially inducing myopia.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • The relationship between the accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio and myopia development in children is not well understood.
  • Studies in adults suggest a link between the AC/A ratio and refractive errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between accommodation and convergence in children.
  • To determine the relationship between the AC/A ratio and refractive errors in pediatric populations.

Main Methods:

  • Accommodation was measured using an autorefractor, and vergence changes were assessed with a Maddox rod and Risley prism.
  • Thirty-three myopic and 68 emmetropic children were tested under various visual conditions (distance and near) with corrective lenses.
  • Lens-induced and distance-induced response AC/A ratios were calculated.

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Main Results:

  • Both AC/A ratio types were elevated in myopic children compared to emmetropic children.
  • Myopic children demonstrated reduced accommodation and enhanced accommodative convergence.
  • Esophoric myopic children underaccommodated at near, suggesting a mechanism to maintain binocular vision.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated AC/A ratios in children are associated with myopia.
  • Reduced accommodation and increased accommodative convergence in myopic children may contribute to myopia development.
  • Underaccommodation in esophoric myopic children could lead to blur during near work, potentially inducing myopia, similar to animal models.