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A randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effects of the newborn individualized developmental care and
B Westrup1, A Kleberg, K von Eichwald
1Department of Clinical Science, Pediatrics, Umeâ University, Umeâ, Sweden. bjorn.westrup@pediatri.umu.se
Insights
The Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) shows no detrimental effects on very low birth weight infants in Sweden. This family-centered care may offer advantages compared to conventional methods.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal care
- Developmental pediatrics
- Perinatal medicine
Background:
- Family-centered developmentally supportive care, known as the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), has demonstrated positive medical and economic outcomes.
- This study investigates the impact of NIDCAP in a Swedish context.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effect of NIDCAP on the need for ventilatory assistance, infant growth, and hospitalization duration.
- To assess the efficacy of NIDCAP for very low birth weight infants in a Swedish healthcare setting.
Main Methods:
- A randomized controlled trial involving preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) requiring ventilatory support.
- Infants were assigned to either NIDCAP (n=12) or conventional care (n=13) groups.
- NIDCAP involved individualized care plans based on formal observations and family support, while other treatments remained identical.
Main Results:
- No significant differences were observed in the duration of mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, or time to withdraw supplementary oxygen between groups.
- Weight gain and head growth up to 35 weeks postconceptional age (PCA) were comparable.
- Infant discharge age was not significantly different between the NIDCAP and conventional care groups.
Conclusions:
- NIDCAP does not appear to have adverse effects on very low birth weight infants compared to conventional care in this Swedish study.
- The findings suggest that NIDCAP may potentially offer benefits for these vulnerable infants.
Background And Objective:
Family-centered developmentally supportive care of very low birth weight infants, provided by the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) has been reported to have positive medical and economic impacts. Our aim was to investigate its effect on need of ventilatory assistance, growth, and hospitalization in a Swedish setting.
Methods:
Preterm infants born between September 1994 and April 1997 with a gestational age <32 weeks and with a need of ventilatory assistance at 24 hours were randomly assigned to either NIDCAP (n = 12) or conventional care (n = 13). The 2 groups were comparable (median [range]) with respect to birth weight (1083 [630-1411] vs 840[636-1939 g]), head circumference (24.0 [22.3-26.5] vs 24.0 [21. 1-30.0 cm]), gestational age (27.6 [24.0-28.7] vs 26.1 [23.9-30.3] weeks), female/male ratio (3/9 vs 9/8) and Clinical Risk Index for Babies (4.0 [0-11] vs 6.0 [2-15]). The infants in the intervention group were cared for in a separate room by a group of specially trained nurses. Formal weekly observations of these infants starting within 3 days after birth and continuing until 36 weeks postconception were used to develop individualized care plans. These plans provided recommendations as to how care might be attuned to the current developmental stage of the infant and how the family might be supported and stimulated to participate in this care. The treatment of the 2 groups was in all other respects identical.
Results:
The duration of mechanical ventilation (median [range] was 2.8 [0-36.7] days in the intervention group vs 4.8 [.1-29.8] days; not significant [NS]) among the controls and continuous positive airway pressure was applied for 26.1 (6.9-52.0) vs 43.9 (5.0-65.1) days. Supplementary oxygen was withdrawn at 33.0 (29.3-35.7) vs 38.1 (33.1-44.9) weeks of postconceptional age (PCA). The weight gain up to 35 weeks of PCA was 13.0 (6.7-21.0) vs 9.8 (6.8-16.6) g/day (NS). The head growth up to 35 weeks of PCA was.73 (.56-1.3) vs.63 (.56-. 77) cm/week (NS). The age of the infant at discharge was 38.3 (36. 1-57.7) vs 41.0 (36.9-48.4) weeks of PCA (NS).
Conclusions:
NIDCAP does not seem to have detrimental effects on Swedish very low birth weight infants in comparison with conventional care. Indeed, NIDCAP might even be advantageous.