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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Published on: December 6, 2016
Sedation and sedationless endoscopy
1Section of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
Abstract:
Sedation and analgesia are provided routinely for patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. This article reviews the clinical experience with the medications commonly used for this purpose. Furthermore, advantages and disadvantages of alternative agents are also discussed. There are multiple practice guidelines available to the gastrointestinal endoscopist and both the attributes and limitations of these guidelines are presented. In an effort to control costs and improve productivity, sedationless endoscopy has been introduced into the practice of some endoscopists. The advantages and limitations of sedationless endoscopy, as well as the clinical experience to date, are reviewed.
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