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Updated: Aug 5, 2026

The Use of Pharmacological-challenge fMRI in Pre-clinical Research: Application to the 5-HT System
Published on: April 25, 2012
Determination of drug-induced changes in functional MRI signal using a pharmacokinetic model
A S Bloom1, R G Hoffmann, S A Fuller
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA. abloom@mcw.edu
Abstract:
As the applications of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) expand, there is a need for the development of new strategies for data extraction and analysis that do not require the presentation of stimuli in a repeated on/off pattern. A description and evaluation of a method and computer algorithm for the detection and analysis of brain activation patterns following acute drug administration using fMRI are presented. A waveform analysis protocol (WAP) input function has been developed that is based upon the single-dose pharmacokinetics of a drug of interest. As a result of this analysis, regional brain activation can be characterized by its localization and intensity of activation, onset of action, time to peak effect, and duration of action. A global statistical test for significant drug effects based upon the probability of a voxel being activated by a saline vehicle injection is applied to grouped data on a voxel by voxel basis. Representative data are presented using nicotine as a prototypical agent. Using this method, statistically significant drug-induced brain activation has been identified in several key cortical and subcortical brain regions.
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