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Related Experiment Videos

Development of refraction and strabismus.

J Gwiazda1, F Thorn

  • 1New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|January 6, 2000
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial: lessons from the study design.

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore·2004
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The Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET): design and general baseline characteristics.

Controlled clinical trials·2001
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Development of refraction and strabismus.

Current opinion in ophthalmology·2001
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Clinical quality assessment using computer monitor photoimages of optic nerve head cupping.

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Myopia and ambient night-time lighting.

Nature·2000

Nighttime light exposure in early childhood may increase myopia risk. Research also explores hyperopia, spectacle interventions, and the complex causes of strabismus and infantile esotropia.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Emmetropization, the eye's coordinated growth to achieve normal vision, is crucial for visual development.
  • Disruptions in emmetropization lead to refractive errors like myopia and hyperopia.
  • Preterm infants and children with Down syndrome exhibit higher refractive errors, indicating impaired emmetropization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding eye refraction development and associated disorders.
  • To highlight novel findings on environmental influences and genetic factors affecting refractive error.
  • To discuss current knowledge and remaining mysteries in strabismus and infantile esotropia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on refractive error development.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of studies investigating environmental factors (e.g., nighttime illumination) and genetic predispositions.
  • Examination of clinical data on refractive error interventions and strabismus etiology.

    • Main Results:

    • Nocturnal ambient light exposure in the first two years of life is linked to increased myopia prevalence.
    • Hyperopia development is axial, similar to myopia.
    • Spectacle interventions do not appear to worsen myopia in children.
    • High AC/A ratios and hyperopia are associated with esotropia and intermittent exotropia.
    • Oculomotor anomalies like asymmetric optokinetic nystagmus may precede infantile esotropia, but causal links are unclear.

    Conclusions:

    • Environmental factors, particularly nighttime light, play a significant role in myopia development.
    • The etiology of infantile esotropia remains complex and multifactorial, involving early-onset oculomotor anomalies.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying refractive error development and strabismus.