Qualitative research methods in otorhinolaryngology

Area of Science:

• Otorhinolaryngology
• Qualitative Research Methods
• Patient-Reported Outcomes

Background:

• Qualitative research methods are unfamiliar to many clinicians due to differing techniques, terminology, and evaluation criteria.
• Understanding human phenomena requires exploring their character and meaning, often missed by purely quantitative approaches.
• Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) research can benefit from methods that capture the subjective experience of sensory and vital function disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss the contribution of qualitative methods to otorhinolaryngology research.
• To detail a specific qualitative method for otologic applications.
• To explore disturbing sound phenomena and coping strategies in patients with tympanic membrane retractions.

Main Methods:

• Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients experiencing tympanic membrane retractions.
• Interview transcripts were systematically analyzed through coding, categorizing, and interpretation.
• Themes, categories, and patterns related to sound disturbances and coping were extracted and summarized.

Main Results:

• The qualitative method effectively explored empirically known but non-measurable sound disturbances.
• Findings supported an alternative theory of tympanic membrane retractions, highlighting the patient's active role.
• The study identified diverse patient experiences and coping strategies for sound-related symptoms.

Conclusions:

• Qualitative methods complement quantitative approaches by exploring patient experiences and their role in disease.
• Understanding individual interpretations, fears, and perspectives is crucial in ENT care.
• There is a need for greater clinician experience with qualitative methods in otorhinolaryngology research and practice.