[Molecular-genetic analysis of dual-stranded DNA break repair in saccharomyces yeasts]
1Department of Genetics and Breeding, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
Abstract:
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are the most dangerous damage to genetic material caused by ionizing radiation and some chemical agents. Nonrestored DSB lead to chromosomal rearrangements, genetic instability, and cell death. On the other hand, DSB normally occur in cells in the course of normal gene functioning. DSB repair not only protects cells from adverse consequences and maintains stability of genetic material but is directly involved in the most important processes of cell life, such as meiosis and humoral immunity in vertebrates. The diverse mechanisms of homologous and nonhomologous recombination underlie DSB repair. In this respect, yeast are the best-studied object. In this review, genetic control and molecular models of the recombination DNA DSB repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are considered. Evidence has accumulated that indicates the higher eukaryotes retained the basic set of the repair pathways characteristic of bacteria and lower eukaryotes. However, different repair mechanisms predominate in yeast as compared to higher eukaryotes. Therefore, the results obtained in yeast experiments may be applicable to higher eukaryotes.
Insights
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are critical DNA damage. Understanding DSB repair mechanisms in yeast provides insights into essential cellular processes and potential applications for higher eukaryotes.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- Cell Biology
Background:
- DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) represent significant genotoxic damage from radiation and chemicals.
- Unrepaired DSB can cause chromosomal instability, cell death, and genetic alterations.
- DSB also play crucial roles in normal cellular functions like meiosis and immune response.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the genetic control and molecular models of DNA double-strand break repair via recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
- To compare DSB repair mechanisms in yeast with those in higher eukaryotes.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on DNA double-strand break repair pathways.
- Analysis of genetic control and molecular models in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
- Comparative analysis of repair mechanisms across different eukaryotic organisms.
Main Results:
- Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) are a well-established model for studying DSB repair.
- Both homologous and non-homologous recombination are key mechanisms for DSB repair.
- Higher eukaryotes share fundamental DSB repair pathways with yeast but exhibit differences in predominant mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- The study of DSB repair in yeast offers valuable insights applicable to understanding these processes in higher eukaryotes.
- Comparative genomics suggests conserved, yet divergent, DNA repair strategies across eukaryotes.
- Further research in yeast can illuminate conserved mechanisms crucial for maintaining genomic stability.
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