Long-term exposure to noise modifies rat adrenal cortex ultrastructure and corticosterone plasma levels

Female rats were exposed to noise 6 h daily for 7 or 21 days running. The effects of stress were evaluated both on adrenal cortex ultrastructure and on plasma corticosterone levels. Subcellular examination showed a marked involvement of each zona of the adrenal cortex. In particular, we observed various alterations, the most frequent consisting of diluted matrix and cristolysis of mitochondria and swelling of smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes. These morphological changes were most prominent after longer exposure to noise. Similarly, corticosterone plasma levels significantly increased over the time of application of noise stimulus. The present findings indicate that prolonged exposure to loud noise induced structural and functional modifications in the adrenal gland. These data might be potentially relevant in contributing to explain the effects induced in humans exposed to loud noise in a variety of environmental conditions.