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Related Experiment Videos

Developmental changes in calcium channel types mediating central synaptic transmission.

S Iwasaki1, A Momiyama, O D Uchitel

  • 1Department of Neurophysiology, University of Tokyo Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|January 11, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Calcium channel types in neurotransmission change during development. N-type channels are transient in some synapses, while P/Q-type channels dominate mature transmission, with varied contributions across the central nervous system.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Synaptic Plasticity
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • High-voltage-activated calcium (Ca2+) channels are crucial for neurotransmitter release at mammalian central synapses.
  • N-type (omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive) and P/Q-type (omega-Aga-IVA-sensitive) channels mediate fast synaptic transmission.
  • The developmental stability of Ca2+ channel contributions to synaptic transmission is largely unknown for most central synapses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental changes in the contribution of different Ca2+ channel types to synaptic transmission at various central synapses.
  • To determine if the roles of N-type and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels in synaptic function are consistent throughout postnatal development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized type-specific Ca2+ channel blockers to assess their impact on synaptic transmission.

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  • Recorded Ca2+ currents directly from presynaptic terminals, specifically the auditory calyceal terminal.
  • Examined synaptic transmission at different developmental stages in thalamic, cerebellar, brainstem auditory, cerebral cortical, and spinal cord synapses.

    • Main Results:

    • N-type Ca2+ channels transiently contribute to thalamic and cerebellar inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) during early postnatal development.
    • P/Q-type Ca2+ channels predominantly mediate mature synaptic transmission in the auditory synapse and other pathways.
    • Ca2+ currents in the auditory calyceal presynaptic terminal shift from N-, P/Q-, and R-types at P7-P10 to predominantly P/Q-type by P13.
    • N-type Ca2+ channels persistently contribute to cerebral cortical excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSCs) and spinal IPSCs throughout postnatal development.

    Conclusions:

    • Synaptic transmission relies on developmentally regulated Ca2+ channel subtypes.
    • While P/Q-type channels are key in mature synapses, N-type channels play transient or persistent roles depending on the specific neuronal circuit.
    • Adult synaptic transmission is mediated primarily by P/Q-type channels at some synapses and by a synergistic combination of multiple Ca2+ channel types at others.