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Genetic and physical characterization of grain texture-related loci in diploid wheat.

G Tranquilli¹, D Lijavetzky, G Muzzi

¹Department of Agronomy and Range Science, University of California, Davis 95616-8515, USA.

Molecular & General Genetics : MGG

|January 11, 2000

Summary

Grain softness in wheat is controlled by genes at the Ha locus. This study found puroindoline a (Pina-Am1) and grain softness protein (Gsp-Am1) are tightly linked to puroindoline b (Pinb-Am1) on chromosome 5Am.

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Area of Science:

Plant genetics
Molecular biology
Agricultural science

Background:

Endosperm texture is a crucial quality trait in cereals, influencing grain properties and end-use.
Grain softness in wheat is primarily governed by the Ha locus on chromosome 5D, with puroindoline genes (Pina-D1, Pinb-D1) and Gsp-D1 implicated.
Previous studies on linkage relationships were hindered by low polymorphism in the wheat D genome.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the linkage relationships among genes associated with grain softness in a highly polymorphic Triticum monococcum mapping population.
To analyze the physical proximity and genetic organization of puroindoline a (Pina-Am1), puroindoline b (Pinb-Am1), and grain softness related protein (Gsp-Am1) genes.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Triticum monococcum mapping population for high polymorphism analysis.
Employed bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library screening and isolation.
Constructed a restriction map of an isolated BAC clone containing the target genes.
Performed partial gene sequencing to assess similarity with Triticum aestivum counterparts.

Main Results:

Pina-Am1 and Gsp-Am1 were found to be completely linked, located 0.14 cM distal to Pinb-Am1 on chromosome 5Am.
These three Ha-related genes were physically located within a single 105-kb T. monococcum BAC clone.
Pina-Am1 was mapped between Pinb-Am1 and Gsp-Am1 within the BAC clone.
Sequences of T. monococcum genes showed high similarity (>94%) to their T. aestivum orthologs.

Conclusions:

The tight genetic linkage and physical proximity of Pina-Am1, Pinb-Am1, and Gsp-Am1 in T. monococcum provide a valuable model for understanding wheat grain softness.
These findings support the development of marker-assisted selection strategies for improving grain quality traits in wheat breeding programs.