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Related Concept Videos

DNA Replication02:40

DNA Replication

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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Replication in Prokaryotes01:32

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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 12, 2025

Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method
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Strand-Specific Analysis of Proteins at Replicating DNA Strands by Enrichment and Sequencing of Protein-Associated Nascent DNA Method

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Eukaryotic DNA replication.

M Zannis-Hadjopoulos1, G B Price

  • 1McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada. mzannis@med.mcgill.ca

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
|January 11, 2000
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA replication initiation in mammalian cells is complex and poorly understood. Recent advancements in identifying replication origins are improving our understanding of DNA replication control mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication is a fundamental process for life, enabling cellular reproduction.
  • The initiation of DNA replication, particularly in mammalian cells, remains poorly understood.
  • Replication origins are cis-acting DNA elements that control the timing and frequency of DNA replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major findings on DNA replication mechanisms.
  • To emphasize current understanding of mammalian DNA replication.
  • To highlight the control mechanisms of replication origin activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of new methods for identifying and mapping DNA replication origins.
  • Synthesis of knowledge regarding DNA replication in eukaryotes and mammals.

Main Results:

  • Replication origin activation depends on specific DNA sequences and structural features.
  • New methods have advanced the understanding of DNA replication control.
  • Significant progress has been made in understanding mammalian DNA replication initiation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DNA replication initiation is crucial for comprehending cell reproduction.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities of mammalian DNA replication.
  • The identification and mapping of replication origins are key to controlling replication processes.