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Related Experiment Videos

Locational Probability for a Dammed, Urbanizing Stream: Salt River, Arizona, USA.

Graf1

  • 1Department of Geography, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-0104, USA

Environmental Management
|January 12, 2000
PubMed
Summary

River channel changes in Phoenix are shaped by major floods and human activities like sand mining. Historical aerial photos reveal how these factors altered the Salt River

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Area of Science:

  • Fluvial geomorphology
  • Environmental science
  • Remote sensing

Background:

  • River systems are dynamic, influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors.
  • Understanding river channel evolution is crucial for water resource management and urban planning.
  • The Salt River in Phoenix provides a case study for examining these influences in an arid, urbanizing environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze historical river channel changes on the Salt River in the Phoenix metropolitan area.
  • To identify the primary drivers of these changes, distinguishing between flood events and human activities.
  • To map and quantify the changes in various fluvial surfaces over time.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of historical aerial photographs using Geographic Information System (GIS).

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  • Mapping of functional surfaces: low-flow channels, high-flow channels, islands, bars, and engineered surfaces.
  • Quantitative spatial analysis and field mapping to determine probabilities of feature occurrence.

    • Main Results:

    • Both large-scale floods and local human activities significantly altered the Salt River channel.
    • Sand and gravel mining, linked to urban development, is a major determinant of local channel form, occupying over 70% of some active channel areas.
    • While islands remained stable, low-flow channel sinuosity changed, and channel-side bars fluctuated; channel location persistence varied by reach geomorphology.

    Conclusions:

    • River channel dynamics are a complex interplay of natural flood regimes and intensive human modification.
    • Sand and gravel mining profoundly impacts river morphology, especially in developing urban areas.
    • Predictive mapping of fluvial features is possible, highlighting reach-specific controls on channel stability and change.