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Copper in drinking water, Nebraska, 1994.

S D Buchanan1, R A Diseker, T Sinks

  • 1National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724, USA.

International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health
|January 14, 2000
PubMed
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High copper levels in Nebraska drinking water were not associated with increased gastrointestinal illness. This study found no link between copper exposure and reported GI symptoms in households.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • In 1993, Nebraska's drinking water copper (Cu) levels frequently exceeded the EPA action level of 1.3 mg/L.
  • Gastrointestinal (GI) illness is a common public health concern, and water quality is a potential contributing factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between elevated copper concentrations in drinking water and the incidence of gastrointestinal illness.
  • To determine if specific copper exposure levels correlate with increased risk of GI symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study interviewed households with varying 1993 drinking water Cu levels ( > 3 mg/L, 2-3 mg/L, < 1.3 mg/L).
  • Cases were defined by rapid onset of vomiting or nausea with abdominal pain.
  • Water samples were resampled to validate exposure, and cohort status was reassessed in December 1994.

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Main Results:

  • No association was found between 1993 copper levels and GI illness status in 1994.
  • Relative risks (RR) for GI illness were not significantly elevated in households with Cu > 3 mg/L (RR = 1.03) or 2-3 mg/L (RR = 0.50) compared to < 1.3 mg/L.
  • Subsequent resampling in December 1994 also revealed no association between GI illness and copper exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated copper levels in Nebraska's drinking water in 1993 were not linked to an increased risk of gastrointestinal illness in the studied population.
  • The findings suggest that copper in drinking water, at the levels investigated, is unlikely to be a significant cause of acute GI illness.
  • Water quality monitoring and public health advisories regarding copper should consider these epidemiological findings.