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Fungal diseases of the paranasal sinuses
G Fatterpekar1, S Mukherji, A Arbealez
1Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7510, USA.
Abstract:
Fungal diseases of the paranasal sinuses can be categorized into the invasive and noninvasive varieties. The invasive form has been classified as acute fulminant fungal sinusitis, granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis, and chronic invasive fungal sinusitis. The noninvasive form can be classified as the fungus ball and the allergic fungal sinusitis. The following review discusses the various types of fungal sinusitis with a special emphasis on the CT and MR imaging features.
Insights
This review details invasive and noninvasive fungal sinusitis, including acute fulminant, granulomatous, chronic invasive, fungus ball, and allergic fungal sinusitis. It emphasizes CT and MR imaging features for diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Otolaryngology
- Mycology
Background:
- Fungal sinusitis presents as either invasive or noninvasive disease.
- Invasive forms include acute fulminant, granulomatous, and chronic invasive fungal sinusitis.
- Noninvasive forms include fungus ball and allergic fungal sinusitis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the different types of fungal sinusitis.
- To highlight the key computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features for each type.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of fungal sinusitis.
- Analysis of imaging characteristics (CT and MR) for various fungal sinusitis classifications.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of invasive fungal sinusitis subtypes: acute fulminant, granulomatous, and chronic.
- Detailed description of noninvasive fungal sinusitis subtypes: fungus ball and allergic.
- Correlation of specific CT and MR imaging findings with each fungal sinusitis type.
Conclusions:
- Accurate classification of fungal sinusitis is crucial for appropriate management.
- CT and MR imaging play a vital role in differentiating between invasive and noninvasive fungal sinusitis.
- Recognizing distinct imaging patterns aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.