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Related Experiment Videos

Altered cortical excitability in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

B D Greenberg1, U Ziemann, G Corá-Locatelli

  • 1Adult OCD Research Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1264, USA.

Neurology
|January 15, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shows abnormal cortical excitability, with decreased intracortical inhibition and increased motor cortex excitability. These findings suggest OCD may involve similar corticobasal circuit dysfunction as Tourette's syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares clinical and familial overlap with tic disorders.
  • Dysfunction in basal ganglia and linked regions is implicated in both OCD and tic disorders.
  • Previous transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies indicate reduced neuronal inhibition in Tourette's syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cortical inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
  • To compare cortical excitability in OCD patients with healthy volunteers using TMS.
  • To explore the relationship between cortical excitability and comorbid tics in OCD.

Main Methods:

  • Applied paired-pulse TMS techniques to 16 OCD patients and 11 healthy volunteers.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Measured resting motor threshold, active motor threshold, and cortical silent period.
  • Assessed intracortical inhibition and facilitation using subthreshold conditioning stimuli.

    • Main Results:

    • OCD patients exhibited significantly decreased intracortical inhibition (ICI) at short interstimulus intervals.
    • Increased cortical excitability was indicated by decreased active and resting motor evoked potential thresholds in OCD patients.
    • These abnormalities were not medication-related and were more pronounced in OCD patients with comorbid tics.

    Conclusions:

    • Obsessive-compulsive disorder is associated with abnormal cortical excitability.
    • Findings support the hypothesis of analogous disorders with overlapping corticobasal circuit dysfunction between OCD and Tourette's syndrome.
    • Tic-related OCD may present with more significant motor cortex excitability alterations than OCD without tics.