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Updated: Aug 14, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Published on: November 28, 2015
Glioblastoma causing granulocytosis by secretion of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor
R Q Hintzen1, J Voormolen, P Sonneveld
1Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. rhintzen@xs4all.nl
Abstract:
We describe a patient with a glioblastoma multiforme with excessive granulocytosis in the peripheral blood. Shown at both protein and mRNA levels, the tumor produced very high levels of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). G-CSF is a growth factor that induces the recruitment of granulocytes. The paraneoplastic phenomenon described here partly mimicked a brain abscess. Production of G-CSF by (brain) tumor cells might be related to the granulocytosis common in malignant disease.
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