The role of occupational therapy in dementia-C.O.P.E. (Caregiver options for practical experiences)

Occupational therapy is a profession that enables individuals to regain, maintain or promote function after an illness, injury or disability occurs. The basis of the profession's philosophy derives from a recognition of the importance of meaningful activity (occupation) in people's lives to support function, quality of life and the debilitating effects of inactivity. Occupational therapy enhances the abilities of individuals to engage in the following performance areas: (1) activities of daily living (eg eating, bathing, toileting, functional mobility) and instrumental activities of daily living (eg meal preparation, shopping, managing one's finances); (2) work and productive activities (eg care of others, educational and vocational activities); and (3) leisure to meet a variety of needs that are culturally meaningful to individuals and their significant others. In order to determine the etiologies of dysfunction in one or more performance areas, occupational therapists assess the following components of performance: sensorimotor, neuromusculoskeletal, motor, cognitive, and psychosocial. This assessment becomes the basis for tailoring treatment to individuals' needs and interests. When deficits and strengths in performance components and performance areas have been identified, occupational therapists work with clients/patients and their caregivers to reduce the barriers in daily functioning and facilitate maximum engagement in their environments, the human and physical context for daily living.