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Dietary creatine monohydrate supplementation.

I Jacobs1

  • 1Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Toronto, Ontario.

Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology = Revue Canadienne De Physiologie Appliquee
|January 19, 2000
PubMed
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Creatine monohydrate supplementation can increase muscle creatine stores, but its effects on physical performance and the exact mechanisms are still debated. Research also covers potential health risks and the reasons for its popularity.

Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Physiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Creatine is a naturally occurring nitrogenous molecule synthesized endogenously and found in skeletal muscle.
  • Dietary supplementation with creatine monohydrate is common among athletes.
  • Muscle creatine content can be increased through supplementation, but individual responses vary.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize and interpret research on the physiological aspects of creatine monohydrate supplementation.
  • To examine the effects of creatine supplementation on physical performance.
  • To review the health risks and side-effects associated with creatine supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and interpretation of published research.
  • Analysis of studies reporting direct measurements of muscle creatine content.

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  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms of action and experimental findings.

    • Main Results:

    • Most individuals increase intramuscular creatine and phosphocreatine concentrations with "creatine loading."
    • The effects of creatine supplementation on physical performance show widely ranging results.
    • The precise mechanisms by which creatine enhances performance remain unclear, with recent studies questioning earlier speculations.

    Conclusions:

    • Creatine supplementation's impact on performance is not fully understood, and mechanisms require further investigation.
    • Health risks and side-effects associated with creatine loading are discussed.
    • The significant attention from athletes and media warrants consideration.