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Related Experiment Videos

Emotions and psychopathology.

M C Lambert1, M E Samms-Vaughan, M Lyubansky

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Child Health, University of the West Indies, Jamaica.

The West Indian Medical Journal
|January 20, 2000
PubMed
Summary
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This study found that standard psychological tests like the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) need adaptation for Jamaicans. Emotional unawareness was linked to higher symptom scores in the Jamaican population.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Cross-cultural psychology

Background:

  • Limited availability of validated psychological assessment tools for Jamaican populations.
  • Scarcity of empirical research on psychopathology and its etiology in Jamaican adults.
  • Need to evaluate the cross-cultural applicability of existing psychological instruments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the factor structure of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in a Jamaican sample.
  • To identify culturally relevant dimensions of alexithymia and psychopathology in Jamaica.
  • To explore the relationships between emotional awareness and psychological distress in Jamaicans.

Main Methods:

  • Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) were used to test the replication of TAS-20 and BSI factors.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Exploratory Factor Analyses (EFA) were conducted on the TAS-20 and BSI to identify novel factor structures.
  • Regression analyses examined the associations between identified factors and demographic variables.

    • Main Results:

    • CFA indicated that the original TAS-20 and BSI factor structures were not replicated in the Jamaican sample.
    • EFA on TAS-20 yielded a single factor: Unawareness and Confusion Regarding Emotions (UCRE).
    • EFA on BSI identified six dimensions: Somatic Complaints, Paranoia, Hostility, Mild Depression/Dysthymia, Major Depression with Psychotic Features, and Agoraphobia with Panic.
    • A positive relationship was found between UCRE and all BSI factors and total score.
    • Women and younger Jamaicans reported higher scores on several BSI dimensions.
    • Younger Jamaicans with higher UCRE scores exhibited increased scores on Paranoia, Major Depression, and overall BSI score.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings underscore the need for culturally adapted psychological instruments in Jamaica.
    • Difficulties in recognizing and expressing emotions (UCRE) are significantly associated with psychological distress in Jamaicans.
    • Recommendations for Jamaican mental health policy include addressing emotional awareness challenges.