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Related Experiment Videos

Cognitive effort and recollective experience in recognition memory.

S A Dewhurst1, G J Hitch

  • 1Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, UK. s.a.dewhurst@lancaster.ac.uk

Memory (Hove, England)
|January 25, 2000
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive processing difficulty during encoding enhances recollection, not familiarity, in memory retrieval. Deeper processing leads to more accurate source judgments based on recollection.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Recollective experience and familiarity are distinct components of recognition memory.
  • The depth of cognitive processing at encoding may influence subsequent memory retrieval processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how manipulating cognitive processing difficulty affects recollective experience.
  • To determine if encoding operations influence the basis of recognition judgments (recollection vs. familiarity).

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments manipulated cognitive task difficulty during item study.
  • Participants made 'remember' (recollection) or 'know' (familiarity) judgments in recognition tests.
  • Item processing involved category decisions or anagram solving versus reading aloud.

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Main Results:

  • Increased cognitive task difficulty at encoding led to more 'remember' responses.
  • Effects of processing difficulty were specific to recollection, not familiarity ('know' responses).
  • Source judgments were more accurate when recognition was based on recollection.

Conclusions:

  • The nature of encoding operations dictates the type of conscious awareness during recognition.
  • Deeper, more difficult cognitive processing at encoding enhances recollection-based memory retrieval.
  • This suggests that activated knowledge during retrieval is determined by encoding processes.