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The far interpupillary distance. A gender-specific variation with advancing age
Summary
The far interpupillary distance (FIPD) is larger in males than females across all ages. Females show a continued increase in FIPD with age, unlike males.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Anthropometry
- Optometry
Background:
- Far interpupillary distance (FIPD) knowledge is clinically and theoretically important.
- A database of FIPD measurements from 1800 Caucasian subjects was compiled from optometric records.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a FIPD database for a specific population.
- To analyze FIPD variations based on age and refractive type.
- To identify gender-specific patterns in FIPD changes with age.
Main Methods:
- Data collected from 1800 healthy Caucasian males and females.
- Subjects were grouped by age bands (16-25, 26-40, 41-65) or refractive type (emmetropia, hypermetropia, myopia).
- FIPD measurements were analyzed for gender, age, and refractive type influences.
Main Results:
- A consistent gender difference was observed (males > females), independent of age group.
- Refractive type did not influence FIPD magnitude.
- Males reached peak FIPD by early middle age, while females showed continued increase into later middle age.
Conclusions:
- FIPD exhibits a gender-specific pattern of change with advancing age.
- Potential explanations involve gender-specific post-pubertal changes in cranial and orbital anatomy.
- The findings are relevant for ophthalmic and dental clinicians and optical instrument designers.