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Related Experiment Videos

Context dependency in Stroop's paradigm: when are words treated as nonlinguistic objects?

D Besner1, J Stolz

  • 1Psychology Department, University of Waterloo, Ontario. dbesner@watarts.uwaterloo.ca

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|January 26, 2000
PubMed
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Context influences word processing, challenging automatic activation theories. Encoding variability explains how context affects word recognition and attention in skilled readers.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Experimental Psychology

Background:

  • The memory literature highlights encoding variability.
  • Word recognition and attention research often assumes immediate lexical and semantic activation in skilled readers.
  • Prevailing theories in attention and performance literature posit decontextualized, automatic processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of between-trial context in word recognition and attention.
  • To examine whether context can modulate immediate lexical and semantic activation.
  • To challenge the dominant account of automatic processing in attention and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments were conducted.
  • The presence or absence of the Stroop effect was measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The nature of the between-trial context was manipulated.

    • Main Results:

    • The Stroop effect varied depending on the between-trial context.
    • Contextually driven encoding variability was observed.
    • These findings contradict the notion of purely automatic word processing.

    Conclusions:

    • Context plays a crucial role in modulating word recognition and attention.
    • Encoding variability provides a framework for understanding context effects.
    • The findings question the long-standing assumption of decontextualized automatic processing in cognitive psychology.